Archive for the ‘Landscaping-Outdoor-Decorating’ Category

Mistletoe for Breast Cancer

Saturday, October 6th, 2007

Suzanne Somers used misteloe extracts to treat herself for breast cancer. According to her press releases and interviews, she used it along with various other forms of conventional care and natural cancer treatment. Suzanne has been very pleased with the outcome she obtained from the way her breast cancer was treated with a combination of conventional and natural cancer therapies. What is mistletoe, and how is it used?

Mistletoe is the leafy, flowering vine that is used for Christmas decorations. Perhaps its’ most famous role in American society is the custom of kissing whoever stands beneath the mistletoe. Mistletoe blooms in winter. It appears to thrive in adverse situations such as cold weather. The variety of mistletoe most often utilized as homeopathic medication is the European mistletoe known as viscum album. Mistletoe vines grow on various trees, including pine, oak, and fruit trees. Some practitioners believe that viscum derived from vines grown on certain species of host trees imparts unique properties to the final medicinal preparation. Viscum preparations made from certain species of host trees are therefore utilized to treat specific types of cancers. The most commonly used variants are viscum mali from apple trees which is used for cancer in female patients, viscum quercus from the oak tree for cancers in men, and viscum pini from the pine tree which is given a mixed use, but is most famous for breast cancer.

Mistletoe extract is most often administered only by qualified physicians because it is potentially poisonous. The leaves and the berries of mistletoe are known to be poisonous. Since it is produced from extracts of the entire plant, an experienced medical practitioner is required to safely administer mistletoe extracts. The production of a type of mistletoe extract known as Iscador begins with the grinding of the entire mistletoe plant, which is then soaked in water. The mistletoe water extract is then fermented, and finally filtered to produce the final product. Scientific research indicated that Iscador may have at least two major mechanisms of action. A portion of the Iscador material seems to improve immune function. In particular, there is evidence that Natural Killer Cells, which are immune system cells thought to fight cancer, are increased in activity following the administration of Iscador. Another interesting potential effect of Iscador is to enhance the activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, also implicated in natural anti-cancer activity by the immune system. Another portion of Iscador extract may directly change the way cancer cells function. Evidence from scientific studies suggest that Iscador may modify the internal metabolism of malignant cells in beneficial ways, including interfering with the growth of cancer cells. This may eventually prove to be Iscador’s most important activity. However, more research is needed to elaborate on this possibility.

The common route of administration is by injection of the viscum just under the skin. As each day of therapy progresses, a more concentrated version is administered. After the first few daily doses, a red swelling often appears at the injection site. A short-term fever also is commonly seen with the daily injections. Many doctors theorize that this fever may play a positive role in the beneficial action of Iscador. After reaching the highest concentration of Iscador, the injections are often continued for a week or longer, depending upon the clinical situation as judged by the treating physician. The side effects of Iscador therapy can include low-grade fever, and redness and irritation at the injection sites.

What results have been observed in patients treated with Iscador? Reports of results are primarily anecdotal. In other words, they are the observations of physicians and others but are not part of a scientifically controlled medical trial or study. The observations suggest that Iscador is indeed a promising therapy. The website www.aacancer.com has related articles and scientific information on mistletoe and breast cancer generally. Mistletoe is probably the most promising of all the ancient natural cancer remedies. Because of the research being done on the medicinal value of this plant in Europe, it seems likely to soon become a part of the conventional armamentarium against breast cancer.

Mary Jones

What Is Prostatitis And Is It One Of The Most Common Conditions That Affects The Prostate Gland?

Tuesday, October 2nd, 2007

Prostatitis is one of the most common conditions that affect the prostate gland.
The other common problems are prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hypertrophy)
and prostate cancer.

Prostatitis is the infection of the prostate. The prostate is the small
gland that is doughnut shaped located at the bottom of the bladder.
The prostate sits halfway between the rectum and the base
of the penis.

The prostate circles the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries
urine from the bladder out through the penis. This gland produces most
of thefluid in semen.

An infection of the prostate can be diagnosed as either acute prostatitis
or chronic prostatitis. Acute prostatitis develops suddenly and presents
the following symptoms:

* Chills and fever
*Strong urge to urinate
*Frequent urination with only small amounts of urine produced.
*Low back or abdominal pain
*Occasionally there is blood in the urine
*Pain and burning when urination occurs and when ejaculating

Chronic prostatitis symptoms are milder than those in acute prostatitis.
The chills and fever that alert the acute prostatitis sufferers that there
is a problem are not symptoms that are seen in individuals with chronic prostatitis.
Both infections can be the result of a urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs happen less often in men than women. However,
as men age, the prostate becomes more vulnerable to this type of infection.

Men with abnormalities of the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or an enlarged
prostate, are more prone to urinary infection.
An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus raising the risk
of infection.

The cause of the UTI is an overgrowth of the E-coli bacteria which is usually present
in the digestive system. If the UTI is left untreated, it can cause permanent damage
to other organs of the body.

Prostate infections can usually be treated on an outpatient basis.
Both chronic and acute prostatitis present with pain in the pelvis or perineum.
Prostate infections respond well to an antibiotic regimen. Antibiotic treatment
is the traditional first line of defense against both types of infection.

If the infection re-occurs,long term antibiotic therapy may be warranted.

The doctor will prescribe an antibiotic after taking a test of the urine and
will then determine the best anti-biotic to prescribe.

Alternative medicine recommendations for treating prostatitis include:

1)Drinking large amounts of water.
2)Using herbs that contain antibiotic and anti-inflammatory
properties.

The recommended herbs are:

*Echinacea,
*Goldenseal
*Garlic

These herbs are thought to help reduce inflammation and knock out
the infection. In addition, Echinacea and Siberian Ginseng are
immune-system enhancers. These herbs have properties that are
thought to help the bodies natural defense system build resistance.

3) Daily regimen of vitamin and mineral supplements that include
*Antioxidants,
*Vitamins A,C, E,
*Beta-carotene and Selenium.
*60 mg. of Zinc Picolinate if symptoms are present
*30 mg. without symptoms.

4)Cranberry juice may help to prevent infection from spreading to
the bladder from the prostate. Can be taken as a juice, or as chewable tablets.

5) Hot baths help soothe the pain and reduce stress.

6)Eat whole grains, steamed vegetables, fresh fruits, herb teas
and tinctures, such as Saw Palmetto and Siberian Ginseng,
are good for the male reproductive system

7) Use natural diuretics that help flush urine, prevent urine build-up,
and provide support for other preventive methods

When men have painful urinary symptoms, infection is not always present.
there is another problem that is related to stress or anxiety that is called
prostatodynia.
Prostatodynia (or Prostadynia) is the non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain
syndrome, it is the occurrence of prostatitis symptoms, without inflammation
or bacterial infection.

The best defense for prostatitis is prevention. Men can reduce their chances

for prostatitis by following a few simple guidelines:

*Increase water intake to 8-12 glasses per day. The increased fluids will
help flush the urinary tract.

*Avoid over consumption of alcohol and coffee.
Caffeine causes a strong and frequent urge to urinate.
Remember colas and other beverages contain caffeine.
*Control stress. A high stress level has been shown to contribute to the
onset of prostatodynia.

It is always a smart move to get a diagnosis from your health care provider
before starting any type of alternative or traditional treatment at home.
See your doctor to confirm the diagnosis of Prostatitis
and then make the decision to use alternative or traditional treatment for relief.

Find more answers to the question of what is prostatitis by visiting http://www.onlineprostatehealthguide.com, a popular website that provides prostate cancer tips, advice and resources to include information on the prostate gland, Gleason scores and natural prostate cancer treatments.

There Is More Treatment For The Condition Of Prostate Cancer Than Just Surgery

Monday, September 24th, 2007

Although in most cases thoughts turn to surgery when it comes to curing prostate cancer, surgery is not the only answer to this problem and one popular alternative is hormonal therapy.

If prostate cancer is confined to the prostate gland itself then the surgical removal of the prostate gland is invariably the quickest, simplest and best method of treatment. However, where cancer has started to spread outside the prostate gland and, in particular, where it has spread throughout the body along the lymphatic system, many patients find that hormonal therapy is a treatment well worth considering. By targeting and reducing the quantity of the male hormone testosterone in the body, hormonal therapy literally cuts off the supply that prostate cancer feeds on to grow and spread.

Amongst the drugs commonly used for hormonal treatment is DES (diethistibestrol) which has similar properties to the female hormone estrogen. DES has the advantage of reducing many of the symptoms of prostate cancer and of prolonging life. However, it does also have a number of side effects including virtually eliminating any sex drive, reducing body hair, causing breast enlargement and, in some cases, producing scrotal shrinkage.

In more advanced cases of prostate cancer LH-RH agonists (such as Leuprolide and Goserelin) can also be used to regulate the release of testosterone into the bloodstream. A synthetic pituitary hormone, this treatment creates an initial surge of testosterone followed by a dramatic decrease to starve the cancer of its essential food. The drug is normally administered either by injection or the implantation of slow release pellets and side effects include occasional hot flushes, headaches and impotence.

One further drug in common use is Flutamide which is an antiandrogen which inhibits the action of testosterone on cancer cells. Although Flutamide can be used in isolation, it is normally used in conjunction with other hormonal drugs as pain relief in cases of advanced prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer treatment is not however limited to just surgery or hormonal therapy and other methods include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and of course a range of natural cures.

So, if you are facing the problem of dealing with prostate cancer don’t simply assume that surgery is your only option. Talk to you doctor and explore the wide range of options available before deciding on the best course of treatment.

For more treatment for the condition of prostate cancer and to learn about such things as a range of prostate cancer cures please visit ProstateCancerExplained.com

What Is An Enlarged Prostate And What Are The Symptoms And Treament For An Enlarged Prostate?

Saturday, September 8th, 2007

What Is An Enlarged Prostate?

So, just what is an enlarged prostate gland? Well, it is important to stress that an enlarged prostate does not necessarily scream prostate cancer. But boy can the whole ordeal by uncomfortable. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or an enlarged prostate gland, is an condition that usually manifest itself in man over the age of forty and just might be the most common medical problem facing men over sixty.

Symptoms of An Enlarged Prostate

The actual cause of enlarged prostate joins the cure for the common cold as one of medicine’s greatest mystery, but if you’ve got one, chances are you don’t have to be Jessica Fletcher to figure it out. A normal prostate gland is about the size of those walnuts that the fancy airlines like to substitute in place of the traditionally cliche plane peanut, as the prostate grows it will generally begin to squeeze the urethra-it then in turn narrows. The bladder then feels compelled to push urine through the newly slimmed down urethra more forcefully-this will result in the urge to make more frequent trips to the Little Boy’s Room. As the problem progresses, the bladder may get just a little perturbed at having to do extra credit and ultimately may not be able to completely empty itself. And when the bladder get really peeved, prostate patients may find themselves with acute urinary retention, a complete shutdown of urination. It is a serious condition which should be followed by an immediate trip to the nearest healthcare facility.

Some of the enlarged prostate symptoms to keep your eyes peeled for include:

· Leaking of urine

· The inability to empty the bladder

· Frequent trips to the bathroom-especially at bedtime

· Difficulty starting urination

What is an enlarged prostate sign of danger? It’s time to head to a doctor if you lose the ability to urinate, begin to experience nausea, fever, and chills, or if lower back pain becomes accompanied by blood in the urine-none of which are good signs.

Treatment for An Enlarged Prostate

Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia vary in accordance with individual cases. Whereas some patients while be treated with simple yearly test and monitoring of their condition, more serious cases may require medication or surgery. There are currently two medications which have passed muster to be used for enlarged prostate treatment, they are Alpha-blockers and Finasteride. Alpha-blockers may relieve the symptoms of enlarged prostate by relaxing the gland’s muscles. Finasteride, on the other hand, can cause shrinkage of the prostate gland, which subsequently helps make urinating fun again-or as fun as can be expected.

More On What Is An Enlarged Prostate

The transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the more common surgical procedure for treating an enlarged prostate, when a surgical procedure needs to be implement of course. Ther TURP procedure consist of scraping away at the core of the prostate with the help of a telescope. The transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) has become a surgical option for some men. Unlike TURP, in which tissue is removed from the prostate, the TUIP surgery simply makes a few small cuts in the prostate to relieve it’s pressure on the urethra.

If you still have questions on what is an enlarged prostate try visiting http://www.onlineprostatehealthguide.com, a popular website that offers prostate cancer tips, advice and resources to include information on the prostate gland, Gleason scores and symptoms of prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Stages In Simple Non-Medical Terms

Thursday, August 23rd, 2007

Having been diagnosed with prostate cancer it’s vital that the stage and growth rate of the cancer is established, so that a treatment option can be chosen which will give you the greatest benefit. This means determining the spread of cancer, if any, away from the prostate gland itself and the manner in which the cancer is growing.

In many ways prostate cancer cells are just like any other cells of the body and will go through various stages of growth and there are a number of tests which can be performed, and grading systems which can be used, to determine and classify the stage of growth of prostate cancer cells.

One of the most widely used grading systems is known as the Gleason system. Here cancer cells are compared to normal cells and given a grading to indicated their appearance in comparison to normal cells. The grading scale runs from 1 to 5, with 1 representing a cell which is quite similar to a normal cell and 5 indicating a cell which bears little resemblance to a normal cell.

One problem with this method is that cells in different areas of the prostate may be at different stages of development. In order to obtain an overall Gleason score therefore the scores are taken from the two areas which are most affected by cancer and the scores are then added together to produce an overall score which will lie between 2 and 10, with a score of 10 indicating a particularly aggressive form of prostate cancer.

To determine the extent to which cancer has spread a commonly used system is the TNM system, which uses a combination of the size of the tumor, the extent to which the lymph nodes have been affected and the presence of other metastases (related cancers appearing in sites other than the prostate gland). Prostate cancer is then classified as being T1, T2, T3 or T4 cancer.

T1 and T2 indicate a cancer which is confined to the prostate gland and T3 and T4 designate a cancer which has spread beyond the prostate gland. When T3 and T4 cancer is present further tests will be carried out to determine the extent of spread outside of the prostate gland.

Prostate cancer is unique to each individual and, while some cancers are quite slow growing, others are extremely aggressive and can spread very rapidly. In many cases unfortunately prostate cancer is not diagnosed until the cancer is quite well advanced and has often spread beyond the prostate gland. However, as awareness of the problem posed by prostate cancer is increasing and, with it, the chances of survival following diagnosis is also increasing.

For more information about prostate cancer stages and other aspects of prostate cancer including such things as enlarged prostate bph please visit ProstateCancerExplained.com

Symptoms, Causes, and the Diagnosis of the Ovarian Cyst

Wednesday, August 22nd, 2007

Usually, most of the cysts don’t show any symptoms, they are small and benign. Problems can appear if you have larger cysts. Your periods may change, becoming irregular, lighter or heavier than usually, you may feel discomfort low down in your abdomen, or even pain. Sometimes, this pain becomes stronger after you have sex.

The cyst may put pressure on the bladder or bowels, determining you to go to the toilet more often, or sometimes it can cause the production of abnormal quantities of hormones to start. Of course, other symptoms can appear too, especially if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome or endometriosis.

Cysts can cause other problems too. A cyst may burst, having as a result the apparition of a great pain in the lower abdomen. The intensity of the pain depends on a few factors like whether the cyst is infected, or whether there is any bleeding, and it also depends on what the cyst contained. If this problem occurs, you will have to go immediately to the hospital for treatment. Another problem that may appear is when the cyst is growing on a stem from an ovary. In that case, the stem can become twisted, and that will cause a deep pain in the lower abdomen, because the blood supply to the cyst will be stopped.

A functional ovarian cyst appears more often. The follicular cyst appears when, after releasing the egg, the follicle doesn’t shed its fluid, or, if the follicle does not release an egg. Continuing to fill with fluid, the follicle becomes a cyst. This is the most common cyst, it can reach five or six centimeters wide, and usually it disappears in a few weeks without any treatment.

Another type, that is not as common as the follicular cyst is the corpus luteum cyst. It appears when the corpus luteum fills with blood or fluid. This kind of cysts can grow up to six centimeters wide and usually disappear in a few months. Although, the cyst can split, and that will cause pain and internal bleeding.

Another type that can appear is the dermoid cyst. It develops from cells that produce eggs in the ovaries, and can contain tissues like skin, hair or teeth. This cyst usually appears in younger woman, and it might be necessary its surgical removal.

Cystadenomas are cysts that also need to be removed, although they are not usually cancerous. They can grow very large, and are often attached to an ovary. Some of them are filled with a mucous substance, and others with a watery liquid.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is provoking the apparition of small benign cysts, which will develop if the hormones produced by the ovaries are not proper balanced. Endometriosis can also determine the apparition of ovarian cysts.

Usually, an ovary cyst is found by chance, during a medical examination. That happens because a lot of ovarian cysts show no symptoms. If the doctor suspects that you have an ovarian cyst, he will send you to the gynaecologist. The gynaecologist will perform a vaginal examination, to see if there is any swelling, and usually you will have an ultrasound scan too. Another method the doctor might follow is to put a small rounded tube in your vagina, to scan the ovaries. After having the ultrasound scan, the doctor will know whether the cyst is functional or not, will have information about how dense it is, but it is possible that you will need to have additional CT or MRI scans also. A blood test is another method to see if there is a tumour. The doctor is looking after the CA-125 protein’s level, because a high level can be the sign of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cysts are very common, and it rarely means they will turn into ovarian cancer. About 95% of the ovarian cysts are non cancerous.

For more info about ovarian cysts or even about ovarian cyst surgery please review this page http://www.ovarian-cysts-center.com/

Mesothelioma - The Simple Facts

Tuesday, August 21st, 2007

What is Mesothelioma: Mesotheliomas form a range of tumors that usually arise in the pleura or in the abdominal cavity. Malignant tumors arising within the pleura are strongly associated with prior asbestos exposure in up to 92% of cases. The time period from initial exposure to development of the cancer may range from 25-45 years and the lifetime risk of developing mesothelioma following heavy exposure ranges from 7-10%. It spreads through the pleural space, directly invading other thoracic structures associated with pleural effusion. The underlying lung is usually encased within the tumor.

The abdominal peritoneal variant is also related to asbestos exposure and 50% of these patients may have pulmonary fibrosis. Although 50% of these cases may be limited to the abdominal cavity, intestinal obstruction is common frequently leading to death. The classic histopathology of the mesothelioma is a biphasic tumor with both an epithelioid and sarcomatoid or spindle cell component. From this description, it can be readily appreciated how the diagnosis may be very difficult to confirm.

Mesothelioma Symptoms: Many of the early symptoms of mesothelioma are often over looked due there similarity to symptoms of less serious diseases. A lot of patients do not show any signs of sickness in the beginning stages of the disease. The most common symptoms of mesothelioma include pleuritic pain, lasting cough, weakness, and weight loss. Most early symptoms will not be attributed to mesothelioma unless the patient is examined by a knowledgeable doctor who orders the appropriate tests. Test for mesothelioma, may include CT scans, x-rays, or MRI. .

What Jobs Are Associated With Mesothelioma: Asbestos was used in a lot of occupations. A large amount of former military personnel, came into contact with asbestos during their service. Large amounts of asbestos were used in shipbuilding and construction prior to the mid -1970’s. Anyone involved with those industries is at a higher risk for developing an asbestos related disease, including mesothelioma. The typical exposure period is lengthy, but some persons with short but intense exposures develop mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma can also occur from non-occupational exposure, as evidenced by manifestation of the disease in women whose exposure came from washing the clothing of men who worked with asbestos. A unique feature of asbestos-related injuries is the long latency period between exposure to asbestos and the onset of the injury or disease. For mesotheliomas, the latency period is between 15 and 50 years, or more. That means that a person could have been exposed to asbestos 50 years ago, and develop mesothelioma today. The average mesothelioma latency period is approximately 35 - 40 years. On average 3,100 cases per year of malignant mesothelioma are being reported in the United States, and it appears to be rising. The disease is three times more common in males than in females. In men, the occurrence of mesothelioma is ten times higher in men between the ages of 60-72 as compared to men between the ages of 30-42. Job site exposure to asbestos over the past fifty years in the United States is calculated to have occurred in over 8 million people.

Why did we use so much Asbestos: Asbestos is a great material for the manufacturing and construction industry. It does not burn and transmits heat very poorly, making it a great insulator against heat. It is a poor conductor of electricity and is also used as an insulator against electricity. It resists rust and can be used in exterior applications. Asbestos is a strong material and yet flexible. It has the soft and pliable qualities of cloth making it useful in protective clothing. Asbestos can be applied to a product by spraying painting it on or it can be added to a product such as concrete.

There is a website that provides facts and other great information on Mesothelioma and numerous medical conditions, the website is called: All About Health, and can be found at this url: http://www.rb59.com/medical-health-info

By Robert W. Benjamin

Copyright © 2007

You may publish this article in your ezine, newsletter, or on your web site as long as it is reprinted in its entirety and without modification except for formatting needs or grammar corrections.

Robert W. Benjamin has been in the software business on the internet for over 5 years, and has been producing low-cost software for the past 25+ years. He first released products on the AMIGA and C64 computer systems in the late 1970’s-80’s.

End Times Prophecy News

http://www.rb59.com/prophecy-news

Throat Cancer Doesn’t Exist - But Be Careful

Tuesday, August 21st, 2007

Actually there is no such medical condition called ‘throat cancer’, although several types of cancer can arise in the throat and neck. The correct medical term for the throat is the ‘pharynx’, which can be defined as the passage that ensures that food and drink go to the stomach and that air goes to and from the lungs. The pharynx is made up of three parts: the oropharynx (the back of the mouth, including the soft palate and base of the tongue); nasopharynx (connecting the back of the nose to the back of the mouth); laryngopharynx (connecting the oropharynx and nasopharynx to the start of the gullet (oesophagus) and the windpipe (trachea) via the voice box (larynx)). The laryngopharynx is sometimes called the hypopharynx. ‘Throat cancer’ can be cancer of any of these, although the most common form of ‘throat cancer’ is nasopharyngeal cancer.

Just to make the term of ‘throat cancer’ even more useless and confusing, some people apply it to cancer of the thyroid gland (situated at the front of the base of the neck), cancer of the voice box (larynx), cancer of the gullet or cancer of the windpipe (trachea), which actually comes in the lung cancer group.

Most head and neck cancer cells are squamous, which means they do not travel far from their origin, although they often affect the lymph nodes. In fact, the first indication of head or throat cancer is often an enlarged neck lymph node, which is also sometimes referred to as throat cancer. Another sign could be appearance of white patches or spots in the mouth that will not respond to treatment. Known as leukoplakia, 33% of them become cancerous. It is estimated that 7,000 Americans die of a throat cancer every year, often because it was detected late. Ethnicity may also play a part, since African American men are 50% more at risk of throat cancer than Caucasian men. These cancers are relatively painless in early stages and can be confused with toothache, earache, sore throat or hoarseness. Once established however, they develop very quickly, although if detected at an early stage, they can almost always be successfully removed.

There is a wide variety of reasons why someone can be at a heightened risk for a throat cancer, including smoking; chewing tobacco and other things, such as betel nut, gutkha, marijuana or pan; heavy alcohol consumption; poor diet resulting in vitamin deficiencies (worse if this is caused by heavy alcohol intake); weakened immune system; asbestos exposure; prolonged exposure to wood dust or paint fumes; exposure to petroleum industry chemicals and being over the age of 55 years. The presence of acid reflux disease (gastroesphogeal reflux disease - GERD) or larynx reflux disease can also be a major factor. In the case of acid reflux disease, stomach acids flow up into the oesophagus and damage its lining, making it more prone to throat cancer. Because successful treatment depends on early detection, regular oral examination is suggested. Your dentist will have been trained to be on the look out for early signs, making a bi-annual visit to him even more rewarding.

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to Throat Cancer

Important Facts About Bladder Cancer

Monday, August 20th, 2007

The bladder is a hollow organ lying within pelvis, which collects urine from the kidneys via tubes called ureters and stores it until it is full enough to empty through the urethra.

Bladder cancer is any type of malignant growth in the bladder. There are two main types - superficial and invasive. The superficial tumours, sometimes known as bladder warts, do not spread and are fairly easily treated. Invasive tumours, which have spread beyond the bladder walls, have a poorer prognosis.

Bladder cancer is more common in men, especially those over the age of sixty years. Cigarette smoking is known to be a major risk factor and accounts for about 60% of all new cases. Other risk factors include exposure to chemicals as used in certain industries. Women who have regularly used permanent hair dyes are at greater risk of developing the condition, as are hairdressers. The exact causes however remain unknown and research continues.

The symptoms of bladder malignancy may include blood in the urine, also known as haematuria, and pain or frequency passing urine. These symptoms, however, are not specific and could well be related to other conditions such as urinary tract infections or kidney stones. If you notice blood in your water it is important that you see your doctor as soon as possible for some diagnostic tests. But please do not panic as the blood may be from an entirely benign source. Haematuria does not always indicate bladder cancer but must be checked out.

To diagnose the problem the doctor will take a full medical history, do a physical examination and send a specimen of urine away for testing. Depending on the results the next step may be a cystoscopy, which is a simple procedure, using a fibre-optic tube with a light source attached to inspect the inside of the bladder. The scope is passed into the bladder via the urethra. If any abnormal areas or growths are noted cells can be taken for further examination to see whether they are cancerous or not.

If cancer is diagnosed the next step is to determine whether it is localised or has spread from it’s original location.

Treatment is by surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The type of cancer, age and general health of the patient will determine which treatment or combination of treatments is used.

Early diagnosis always improves the outcome. If you experience any of the above symptoms please seek immediate medical help. If you notice blood in your urine report it to your doctor so that it can be investigated and any appropriate treatment started.

If you have been diagnosed as having a bladder cancer you will need to attend for regular check ups so the condition can be monitored.

People who smoke 20 cigarettes a day for 10 years have double the risk of developing bladder cancer compared with non-smokers. If you stop smoking the risk is reduced. If you have been diagnosed with superficial bladder cancer and are a smoker, stopping smoking will greatly reduce the risk of any recurrence.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Bladder Cancer

Prostate Biopsy Procedure - What You Should Expect

Tuesday, July 31st, 2007

Although there are a number of tests used to indicate the possible presence of prostate cancer, including the prostate specific antigen, or PSA, test and the digital rectal examination, or DRE, the only way to make a positive diagnosis of prostate cancer is by means of a prostate biopsy.

The prostate biopsy is an essential test for people who have been identified as being at high risk from prostate cancer and, while many men shy away from procedure, or put it off as long as possible, the fear of the procedure is more imagined than real.

While it is certainly fair to say that a prostate biopsy is an uncomfortable procedure, most men report that it is relatively pain free and the number of men reporting pain following the procedure is quite small.

There are a number of different prostate biopsy procedures used today, but perhaps the most common procedure is the core needle biopsy. Here a number of very small tissue samples are removed from different areas of the prostrate using a biopsy gun which fires a needle into the area from which the sample is to be taken to remove the sample within just a fraction of a second. These samples are then sent for laboratory analysis to determine whether cancer is present and, if so, to determine just how much of the prostate is affected.

In most cases the prostate is accessed through the wall of the rectum as this provides reasonably easy access to the prostate gland. This procedure is normally carried out under local anesthetic and typically takes about 30 minutes.

In some cases however the prostate gland is accessed through the urethra, which passes through the prostate gland. Here a lighted scope with a small cutting loop is inserted into the urethra to collect the samples and the procedure is again carried out under local anesthetic (or occasionally under general anesthetic) and takes between 30 and 45 minutes.

Yet another, although less common option, is to collect needle biopsy samples through the perineum, which is the area that lies between the rectum and the scrotum. In this case the urologist will use a finger inserted into the rectum to hold the prostate gland steady and will then insert the biopsy needle through a small incision made in the perineum. This procedure is again carried out under local anesthetic (or again occasionally under general anesthetic) and although this is the fastest procedure, taking only about 15 minutes, it is not often carried out these days.

At the end of the day dealing with prostate cancer is far from pleasant and the relatively small and short-lived discomfort of the prostate biopsy is a small price to pay to detect the presence of this life-threatening condition at a stage when dealing with it is relatively simple.

For more information about the prostate biopsy procedure and about other prostrate problems such as the different types of prostate surgery please visit ProstateCancerExplained.com